{"id":130,"date":"2016-10-04T12:17:06","date_gmt":"2016-10-04T12:17:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/?page_id=130"},"modified":"2017-01-10T19:53:08","modified_gmt":"2017-01-10T19:53:08","slug":"history-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/","title":{"rendered":"THE ROBOTIC SIXTH FINGER"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">The Robotic Sixth Finger:<br \/>\nSupernumerary Robotic Fingers to compensate and<br \/>\naugment the human manipulation abilities<\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/prattichizzoblog.wordpress.com\">#SIRSLab<\/a><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.diism.unisi.it\">Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Italy<\/a><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-128 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/homepage-1-1024x686.jpg\" alt=\"homepage\" width=\"1060\" height=\"711\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/homepage-1-1024x686.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/homepage-1-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/homepage-1-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/homepage-1.jpg 1081w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1060px) 100vw, 1060px\" \/><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This website\u00a0summarizes our research on wearable extra fingers and the evolution of the Robotic Sixth Finger.<\/p>\n<p>In our recent work [10], we presented the Soft-SixthFinger, a wearable robotic extra-finger designed to be used by chronic stroke patients to compensate for the missing hand function of their paretic limb. The patient can control the flexion\/extension of the robotic finger through the eCap, an Electromyography (EMG) interface embedded in a cap. The user can control the device contracting the frontalis muscle by moving his or her eyebrows upwards. The Soft-SixthFinger has been designed as tool that can be used by chronic stroke patients to compensate for grasping in many Activities of Daily Living (ADL). It can be wrapped around the wrist and worn as a bracelet when not used. The light weight and the complete wireless connection with the EMG interface guarantee a high portability and wearability. We tested the device with qualitative experiments involving six chronic stroke patients. Results show that the proposed system significantly improves the performance of the considered tests and the autonomy in ADL.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WOmQzu7fjHY\">A video is available here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WOmQzu7fjHY\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_5.jpg\" alt=\"fig_5\" width=\"617\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_5.jpg 617w, https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_5-300x159.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 617px) 100vw, 617px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Fig. 1. The Soft-SixthFinger. Ecap, wirele The robotic extra-finger works with the paretic limb to compensate for hand grasp functionality. The patient can control the device thanks to a wearable EMG interface embedded in a cap called eCapss EMG control interface for soft sixthfinger. The device can be wrapped as bracelet when being not used.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-19 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_6.jpg\" alt=\"fig_6\" width=\"477\" height=\"329\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_6.jpg 477w, https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_6-300x207.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 477px) 100vw, 477px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Fig. 2. Examples of ADL Bi-manual tasks From the top left, clockwise: unscrew a jar, open a can, squeeze a toothpaste tube and open a squared can.<\/p>\n<p>Our work presented in [9-10], won the Best Demonstration Award at symposium (HAPTICS), Philadelphia, USA, 2016. We proposed hRing to control the Soft- SixthFinger (SSF) and to render haptic informations to provide cutaneous stimuli. The hRing is a novel wearable cutaneous device for the proximal finger phalanx, see Fig 3.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=d1YqBbSrIvI\">A video is available here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/d1YqBbSrIvI\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_7.jpg\" alt=\"fig_7\" width=\"628\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_7.jpg 628w, https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_7-300x114.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Fig. 3. The hRing as haptic and control interface for Soft-SixthFinger.<\/p>\n<p>We proposed to use a robotic the\u00a0Robotic Sixth Finger together with the paretic hand\/arm, to constrain the motion of the object. The device can be worn on the user\u2019s forearm by means of an elastic band. The systems acts like a two-finger gripper, where one finger is represented by the Robotic Sixth Finger, while the other by the patient\u2019s paretic limb. The patient can regulate the finger flexion\/extension through a wearable switch embedded in a ring worn on the healthy hand. Two possible predefined motions can be chosen to obtain either a precision or a power grasp. In addition to the switch, the proposed ring interface also embeds a vibrotactile motor able to provide the patient with information about the force exerted by the device. The preliminary results with patients are presented in [5].\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MqGFQX1axBE&amp;feature=youtu.be\">A video is available here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MqGFQX1axBE\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_3.jpg\" alt=\"fig_3\" width=\"314\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_3.jpg 314w, https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_3-300x239.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 314px) 100vw, 314px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Fig. 4. The Robotic Sixth Finger for hand grasping compensation in chronic stroke patients.<\/p>\n<p>In [9] we introduced an EMG interface to control the finger flexion\/extension as well as a compliance control to let the finger adapts to the shape of the grasped object.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_4.jpg\" alt=\"fig_4\" width=\"518\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_4.jpg 518w, https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_4-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_4-400x200.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Fig. 5. On the left, the EMG electrodes are placed on the patient forehead. On the right EMG board interface with exra robotic finger.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>We started to investigate how to enhance the capability of the human hand by means of wearable robots in 2011 [1]. The goal was to integrate the human hand with an additional robotic finger as represented in Fig. 6.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-14 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_1.jpg\" alt=\"fig_1\" width=\"567\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_1.jpg 567w, https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_1-300x123.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Fig. 6. The Robotic Sixth Finger concept. The device is worn like a bracelet and pops up when needed.<\/p>\n<p>We firstly investigate the potentials of extra-finger in healthy subjects. Such devices could give humans the possibility to manipulate objects in a more efficient way, enhancing our hand grasping dexterity\/ability.\u00a0The first prototype has been presented in [2] together with several examples of the extra-finger applications. Together with the design issues related to portability and wearability of the devices, another critical aspect was integrating the motion of the extra\u2013fingers with that of the human hand. In [3], we presented a mapping algorithm able to transfer to the extra\u2013fingers a part or the whole motion of the human hand. A commercial dataglove was used to measure the hand configuration during a grasping task.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/1GBLk2fN6ao\">A video is available here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1GBLk2fN6ao\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Although this control approach guarantees a reliable tracking of the human hand, there was\u00a0two main drawbacks to be solved. First, the user lacked a feedback of the robotic finger status and could only perceive the force exerted by the device mediated by the grasped object. The second problem was related to the approaching phase of the grasp. In fact, the algorithm presented in [3] considers the motion of the whole hand to compute the motion of the extra finger, thus limiting the possibility of the user to make fine adjustments to adapt the finger shape to that of the grasped object. In [4] we addressed these issues by introducing a vibrotactile interface that can be worn as a ring. The human user receives information through the vibrotactile interface about the robotic finger status in terms of contact\/no contact with the grasped object and in terms of force exerted by the device. Regarding the grasp approaching phase, we introduced a new control strategy that enables the finger to autonomously adapt to the shape of the grasped object.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-15 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_2.jpg\" alt=\"fig_2\" width=\"442\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_2.jpg 442w, https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/fig_2-300x261.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Fig. 7. The Robotic Sixth Finger together with the vibrotactile interface ring.<\/p>\n<p>The experience gained with healthy subjects was fundamental for the development of Robotic Sixth Finger for compensating hand function in chronic stroke patients.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Related Publications<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2011<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>[1]<\/em>\u00a0O. A. Atassi, \u201cDesign of a robotic sixth finger for grasping enhancement,\u201d Master\u2019s thesis, Universita` degli Studi di Siena (advisor: Domenico Prattichizzo), December 2011.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2014<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>[2]<\/em> D. Prattichizzo, M. Malvezzi, I. Hussain, G. Salvietti.\u00a0The Sixth-Finger: a Modular Extra-Finger to Enhance Human Hand Capabilities. In\u00a0Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. in Robot and Human Interactive Communication, Pages 993-998, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2014.<br \/>\n<em>[3]<\/em>\u00a0D. Prattichizzo, G. Salvietti, F. Chinello, M. Malvezzi.\u00a0An Object-based Mapping Algorithm to Control Wearable Robotic Extra-Fingers. In\u00a0Proc. IEEE\/ASME Int. Conf. on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, Pages 1563-1568, Besan\u00e7on, France, July, 2014.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2015<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>[4]<\/em>\u00a0I. Hussain, L. Meli, C. Pacchierotti, G. Salvietti, D. Prattichizzo.\u00a0Vibrotactile haptic fedback for intuitive control of robotic extra fingers. In\u00a0Proc. IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC), Chicago, IL, June, 2015.<br \/>\n<em>[5]<\/em>\u00a0I. Hussain, G. Salvietti, L. Meli, C. Pacchierotti, D. Prattichizzo.\u00a0Using the robotic sixth finger and vibrotactile feedback for grasp compensation in chronic stroke patients. In\u00a0Proc. IEEE\/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 2015. [Finalist for the Best Student Paper Award]<br \/>\n<em>[6]<\/em> D. Prattichizzo.\u00a0The interplay between humans and robots in grasping. In Proc. International Symposium on Robotic Research, Sestri Levante, Italy, September, 2015.<br \/>\n<em>[7]<\/em> I. Hussain, G. Salvietti, M. Malvezzi and D. Prattichizzo. Design guidelines for a wearable robotic extra-finger. In proc. IEEE Int. Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry, Turin, Italy September, 2015.<br \/>\n<em>[8]<\/em> G. Salvietti, I. Hussain, D. Prattichizzo.\u00a0The Robotic Sixth Finger: a Wearable Compensatory Tool to Regain Grasping Capabilities in Paretic Hand. In\u00a0Proc. ISRR 2015,\u00a0In press, Sestri Levante, Italy, 2015.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2016 <\/strong><br \/>\n<em>[9]<\/em> G. Salvietti, I. Hussain, D. Cioncoloni, S. Taddei, S. Rossi, D. Prattichizzo.\u00a0Compensating Hand Function in Chronic Stroke Patients Through the Robotic Sixth Finger.\u00a0Transaction on Neural System and Rehabilitation Engineering.<br \/>\n<em>[10]<\/em> I. Hussain, G. Salvietti, G. Spagnoletti, D. Prattichizzo.\u00a0The Soft-SixthFinger: a Wearable EMG Controlled Robotic Extra-Finger for Grasp Compensation in Chronic Stroke Patients.\u00a0IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters.<br \/>\n<em>[11]<\/em> I. Hussain, G. Salvietti, D. Prattichizzo.\u00a0On Control Interfaces for the Robotic Sixth Finger. In\u00a0Proc. Augmented Human 2016,\u00a0In press, Geneva, Switzerland, 2016.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Posters and Demonstrations<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2016<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>[12]<\/em> G. Spagnoletti, I. Hussain, C. Pacchierotti, G. Salvietti, and D. Prattichizzo. \u201cThe hRing as a wearable haptic interface for extra robotic fingers.\u201d \u00a0Short Paper at the at the IEEE Haptics Symposium (HAPTICS), Philadelphia, USA, 2016.<br \/>\n<em>[13]<\/em> G. Spagnoletti, I. Hussain, C. Pacchierotti, G. Salvietti, and D. Prattichizzo. \u201cThe hRing as a wearable haptic interface for extra robotic fingers.\u201d\u00a0 Hands-on demostration at the IEEE Haptics Symposium (HAPTICS), Philadelphia, USA, 2016. Best Demonstration Award winner.<br \/>\n<em>[14]<\/em> I. Hussain, D. Prattichizzo, G. Spagnoletti, G. Salvietti, \u201cThe Robotic-SixthFinger: a Wearable Robotic Compensatory Tool for Grasp Compensation in Chronic Stroke Patients\u201d. Workshop on Exploiting contact and dynamics in manipulation, ICRA 2016.<br \/>\n<em>[15]<\/em> I. Hussain, D. Prattichizzo, G. Spagnoletti, G. Salvietti, \u201cWearable robotic compensatory devices for Object Grasping and Stabilization in Hemiparetic Limbs\u201d. Workshop on Human-Robot Interfaces for Enhanced Physical Interactions ICRA 2016.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Robotic Sixth Finger: Supernumerary Robotic Fingers to compensate and augment the human manipulation abilities #SIRSLab Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Italy &nbsp; &nbsp; This website\u00a0summarizes our research on wearable extra fingers and the evolution of the Robotic Sixth Finger. In our recent work [10], we presented the Soft-SixthFinger, a wearable<a href=\"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-130","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=130"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":219,"href":"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/130\/revisions\/219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clem.dii.unisi.it\/~prattichizzo\/sixthfinger\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}